Network Traffic Anomaly Detection Model Based on Feature Reduction and Bidirectional LSTM Neural Network Optimization

Table 2

Benchmark test functions.

Function name	Formulation	Range
Sphere		[−5.12, 5.12]
Dixon and price		[−10, 10]
Zakharov		[−5, 10]
Rastrigin		[−5.12, 5.12]
Levy		[−3, 8.25]
Griewank		[−600, 600]
Rosenbrock		[−5, 10]
Ackley		[−16, 32]