Therapists’ Perspective on Virtual Reality Training in Patients after Stroke: A Qualitative Study Reporting Focus Group Results from Three Hospitals

Table 4

Category scheme structured on four levels.

First level	Second level	Third level	Fourth level
Therapists and VR	Role of therapists	Interaction; Patient management	Active
		Therapeutic outlook	Activity-oriented
			Body function-oriented
		Skills
Therapists and VR	Therapists’ actions; and tasks	Approach in OT and PT	Advantages
		Coaching
		Calibration
		Documentation
		Effect of therapy
		Instruction
		Patient analysis
		Patient monitoring
Therapists and VR	Health service model	Efficiency; Patient self-responsibility
		Therapy setting	Group therapy
			Individual therapy
Therapists and VR	Patient selection	Clinical reasoning
		Exclusion criteria; Stage of rehabilitation
		Team decision
		Therapy goal
VR device	Expected and unexpected expectations and evaluation	Device characteristics
		No expectations
		Patient development
		Patient motivation
		Risks in VR treatment
		Therapists’ action and tasks
		Therapist role
VR device	Device handling and learning effects	General	Negative
			Positive
		Device calibration
		Experience in handling
		Fear degradation
		Handling	Safety in handling
			Speed in handling
			Routine in handling
VR device	Device characteristics	Malfunction	Infrared detection
			Graphics
			Hardware
			Parameter
			Adjustment
			Time delay
		Games	Applicable
			Complex
			Flawed
			Frustrating
			Functional
			Multivariant
			Rare
Patients and VR	Therapy effects on patients	Cognitive function	Awareness
			Concentration
		Emotion
		Endurance
		Motor function	Dual task
		Not measurable
		Pain
		Vegetative function
Patients and VR	Patient motivation	Direct feedback
		Progression
		Game character
		Requirement of rehabilitation
		Influence of media
		Patient progress
Patients and VR	Patient demotivation	Patient as test-individual
		System error	Anxiety
			Frustration
			Nuisance
			Pressure
			Scepticism
Patients and VR	Patient development	Activity of daily life	Transfer in daily life
			No transfer in daily life
			Not measurable
		Automation of movement
		Behaviour
		On device	Game
		Independence
Future prospects and development	Risks and challenges	Contraindications
		Costs
		Euphoria
		Lack of sensory input
		Misuse
		Movement quality
		Transfer into daily life
		Therapeutic input; Mechanisation
		Workload
		Self-training
		Easiness
		Motor learning principles	Motivation
			Intensity
			Resource-oriented
Future prospects and development	Chances and opportunities in VR		Endurance
			Body function-oriented
			Direct feedback
			Repetition
		Addition to conventional approaches in OT and PT
Future prospects and development	Future developments and networking	Research
		Marketing
		Lobby
		Supplier
		Rehabilitation centre
Future prospects and development	Expected improvements	Games
		Hardware
		Software
Pick-up category	Ambience
	Virtual reality	Other VR systems