Predicting Independence 6 and 18 Months after Ischemic Stroke Considering Differences in 12 Countries: A Secondary Analysis of the IST-3 Trial

Table 2

Predictors for independence at 6 and 18 months poststroke, with OR and 95% CI.

	Independence at 6 months		Independence at 18 months
	Crude OR; (95% CI)		Crude OR; (95% CI)
Age (reference class: >91)		<0.01		<0.01
18-50	7.35 (4.06–14.00)	<0.01	5.49 (2.51-12.02)	<0.01
51-60	5.71 (3.34-9.77)	<0.01	5.10 (2.47-10.53)	<0.01
61-70	4.22 (2.56-6.94)	<0.01	3.52 (1.78-6.97)	<0.01
71-80	2.76 (1.72-4.44)	<0.01	2.07 (1.07-4.01)	0.03
81-90	2.11 (1.33-3.35)	<0.01	1.83 (0.95 – 3.51)	0.07
Gender (reference class: female)
Male	1.55 (1.31-1.83)	<0.01	1.72 (1.40-2.13)	<0.01
NHISS (reference class: severe (21–42))		<0.01		<0.01
Mild (1–4)	34.46 (20.46-58.03)	<0.01	21.93 (11.51-41.80)	<0.01
Moderate (5–14)	7.02 (4.55-11.40)	<0.01	6.32 (3.52-11.35)	<0.01
Moderate to severe (15–20)	2.00 (1.18-3.35)	0.09	1.50 (0.77-2.92)	0.23
Previous TIA/stroke history (reference class: yes)
No	1.28 (1.05-1.57)	0.02	1.41 (1.14-1.75)	<0.01
Stroke subtype (reference class: TACI)		<0.01		<0.01
PACI	3.62 (2.94-4.45)	<0.01	3.09 (2.4-4.00)	<0.01
LACI	5.41 (4.06-7.20)	<0.01	5.64 (3.96-8.02)	<0.01
POCI	6.12 (4.38-8.55)	<0.01	5.16 (3.38-7.87)	<0.01
Other	4.12 (0.68-24.81)	0.12	3.40 (0.562-20.59)	0.18
Lived alone before the stroke (reference class: no)
Yes	1.02 (0.86-1.22)	0.80	0.94 (0.76-1.17)	0.60
Intervention with rt-PA (reference class: no)
Yes	1.09 (0.92-1.28)	0.33	1.25 (1.01-1.54)	0.04
Atrial fibrillation (reference class: yes)
No	1.80 (1.48-2.19)	<0.01	1.92 (1.49-2.47)	<0.01
Able to lift both upper limbs (reference class: no)
Yes	4.52 (3.78-5.41)	<0.01	4.15 (3.32-5.17)	<0.01
Able to walk without help (reference class: no)
Yes	5.21 (4.08-6.65)	<0.01	4.06 (3.04-5.43)	<0.01
Country (Reference class: UK)
Australia	1.14 (0.79-1.65)	0.48	0.97 (0.65-1.46)	0.88
Belgium	1.42 (0.81-2.48)	0.22	1.74 (0.92-3.28)	0.08
Italy	0.99 (0.75-1.31)	0.95	0.78 (0.54-1.11)	0.17
Norway	1.38 (0.99-1.94)	0.06	1.49 (1.02-2.17)	0.04
Others	2.18 (1.26-3.81)	<0.01	1.14 (0.55-2.37)	0.73
Poland	3.05 (2.28-4.08)	<0.01	2.92 (2.04-4.16)	<0.01
Portugal	0.71 (0.41-1.24)	0.23	0.57 (0.14-2.30)	0.43
Sweden	1.66 (1.25-2.20)	<0.01	1.51 (1.10-2.08)	0.01

NHISS: National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale; TACI: strokes of the anterior total circulation; PACI: infarctions of anterior partial circulation; LACI: lacunar infarcts; POCI: posterior circulation strokes; TIA/AVC: transient ischemic attack/stroke; rt-PA: recombinant intravenous tissue plasminogen activator. Others—including Austria, Canada, Mexico, and Switzerland.