(a) |
| | Died (, %)
57 (26.4) | Hospital discharge (, %)
159 (73.6) | value |
| | Age (years), | | | 0.219 | | Male (, %) | 31 (26.3) | 87 (73.7) | 0.966 | | Female (, %) | 26 (26.5) | 72 (73.5) | | | Ischaemic stroke (, %) | 27 (20.4) | 105 (79.6) | 0.013 | | Haemorrhagic stroke (, %) | 30 (35.7) | 54 (64.3) | 0.013 | | Systolic BP on admission (mmHg), median (IQR) | 152 (136-186) | 147.5 (131-173) | 0.176 | | Diastolic BP on admission (mmHg), median (IQR) | 93 (81-105) | 91.5 (80-104) | 0.633 | | Random blood sugar on admission (mmol/L), median (IQR) | 7.2 (5.8-10.7) | 6.4 (5.7-7.9) | 0.048 | | Altered mental status, yes (, %) | 21 (43.8) | 27 (56.3) | 0.001 | | Intubated on admission, yes (, %) | 7 (63.6) | 4 (36.4) | 0.003 | | Stroke risk factors | | | | | Hypertension, yes (, %) | 49 (28.0) | 126 (72.0) | 0.052 | | Diabetes mellitus, yes (, %) | 13 (34.2) | 25 (65.8) | 0.131 | | Dyslipidaemia, yes (, %) | 23 (22.8) | 78 (77.3) | 0.511 | | Other cardiovascular diseases, yes (, %) | 5 (33.3) | 10 (66.7) | 0.599 | | Smoking history, yes (, %) | 11 (21.6) | 40 (78.43) | 0.746 | | Alcohol history, yes (, %) | 16 (20.3) | 63 (79.8) | 0.680 | | HIV-positive (, %) | 8 (28.6) | 20 (71.4) | 0.173 | | Previous stroke, yes (, %) | 4 (28.6) | 10 (71.4) | 0.702 | | Miscellaneous (, %) | 14 (29.2) | 34 (70.8) | 0.277 | | Intravenous labetalol/hydralazine, yes (, %) | 17 (37.9) | 28 (62.2) | 0.032 | | Duration of symptoms before admission (days), median (IQR) | 0 (0-2) | 1 (0-3) | 0.229 | | Length of hospital stay (days), median (IQR) | 4.5 (1-9) | 12.5 (6.5-2) | <0.001 | | Physiotherapy, yes (, %) | 5 (5.9) | 80 (94.1) | <0.001 |
|
|
Miscellaneous risk factors included current pregnancy, postpartum, increased body mass index, meningitis, tuberculosis, chronic renal failure, COVID-19 infection, trauma to the neck, gout, prostate cancer, herpes ophthalmicus, congenital limb deformity, deaf, epilepsy, asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
|
(b) |
| | Died (, %)
57 (26.4) | Hospital discharge (, %)
159 (73.6) | value |
| | Complications | | | | | Risk of dysphagia, yes (, %) | 26 (38.8) | 41 (61.2) | <0.001 | | Raised ICP, yes (, %) | 21 (75.0) | 7 (25.0) | <0.001 | | Malignant MCA, yes (, %) | 9 (90.0) | 1 (10.0) | <0.001 | | Hydrocephalus, yes (, %) | 10 (55.4) | 8 (44.4) | 0.023 | | Depression, yes (, %) | 0 (0.0) | 7 (100.0) | 0.125 | | Haemorrhagic transformation, yes (, %) | 4 (66.7) | 2 (33.3) | 0.023 | | Aspiration pneumonia, yes (, %) | 29 (59.2) | 20 (40.8) | <0.001 | | Acute kidney injury, yes (, %) | 12 (38.7) | 19 (61.2) | 0.052 | | Urinary tract infection, yes (, %) | 4 (14.3) | 24 (85.7) | 0.183 | | PE/DVT, yes (, %) | 1 (50.3) | 1 (50.0) | 0.443 | | Myocardial infarction, yes (, %) | 2 (100.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0.061 | | Hyponatremia, yes (, %) | 5 (23.8) | 16 (76.2) | 0.984 | | Sepsis, yes (, %) | 10 (52.6) | 9 (47.4) | 0.004 | | Miscellaneous, yes (, %) | 9 (60.0) | 6 (40.0) | 0.001 |
|
|
Abbreviations: CVS: cardiovascular disease; ICP: intracranial pressure; MCA: middle cerebral artery; PE/DVT: pulmonary embolism/deep vein thrombosis. Miscellaneous complications included persistent hyperglycemia/hypertension, hyperkalemia/hypokalemia, hypernatremia, anaemia, obstructive sleep apnoea, pulmonary oedema, and HELLP syndrome. Fisher exact test. |
