Research Article

Performance of Seismic Restrainer with SMA Springs for Sliding Isolation of Single-Layer Spherical Lattice Shells

Figure 13

Force-displacement curves of the SMA spring restrainer under various earthquake wave (PGA = 0.4 g).
(a) Hysteresis loops under El-Centro wave
(b) Hysteresis loops under Taft wave
(c) Hysteresis loops under Sylmar wave