Study on Impact Behavior and Impact Force of Bridge Pier Subjected to Vehicle Collision

Table 8

Performance level of the impacted piers.

Performance level	Failure mode	Failure description	Performance description
P1	Local damage	Microcracks occur at impact location without any obvious deformation.	Operational pier without any obvious damage
P2	Bend-shear failure	Minor of concrete cover fell off and some of reinforcement yielded with small deformation.	Operational pier with repair
P3	Shear failure	Significant cracks occur and stirrup is exposed and fractured with large deformation.	Pier fracture