Numerical Evaluation on Dynamic Response of Existing Underlying Tunnel Induced by Blasting Excavation of a Subway Tunnel

Figure 13

Maximum principle stress distribution variation induced by full-face blasting 37 m away. (Note. Positive value for tensile stress. (a) Time = 47.5 ms, (b) time = 91.5 ms, and (c) time = 156.5 ms.)

(a)

(b)

(c)