Seismic Response of a Tunnel Embedded in Compacted Clay through Large-Scale Shake Table Testing

Table 7

The maximum strain of the model tunnel with SAL and without.

Maximum strain (με)		Model tunnel	Model tunnel with SAL	Reduction factor = (ST − SSAL)/ST (%)
Longitudinal	Inner surface	34.76	26.76	23.01
	Outer surface	37.76	29.97	20.63
Hoop	Inner surface	37.45	29.89	20.18
	Outer surface	49.56	28.98	41.52

S_SAL is the strain of the model tunnel with SAL and S_T is the strain of the model tunnel.