Mechanisms of Floor Heave in Roadways Adjacent to a Goaf Caused by the Fracturing of a Competent Roof and Controlling Technology

Figure 14

Change of the orientation of the maximum principal stress in the three stages (negative and positive numbers indicate the 15201 longwall face was inby and outby the site, respectively). (a) Stage A, −10 m. (b) Stage B, +80 m. (c) Stage C, +150 m.

(a)

(b)

(c)