Mechanisms of Floor Heave in Roadways Adjacent to a Goaf Caused by the Fracturing of a Competent Roof and Controlling Technology

<div>Failure characteristics of immediate roof above roadway adjacent to goaf (RAG) (negative and positive numbers indicate the 15201 longwall face was inby and outby the site, respectively). (a) O-X failure. (b) Stage A, −10 m. (c) Stage B, +80 m. (d) Stage C +150 m.</div>

Shock and Vibration

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Figure 6

Figure 6: Mechanisms of Floor Heave in Roadways Adjacent to a Goaf Caused by the Fracturing of a Competent Roof and Controlling Technology 