Effective Fatigue Evaluation on Rubber Mounts for Rail Vehicles

Figure 4

The profile and the orientation of the effective stress with the failed profile at the top interface of the whole buffer. (a) The effective stress profile of the top interface of the buffer. (b) The effective stress direction at the hot spot of the top interface in the YOZ plane (−7.7° from Z). (c) The effective stress direction at the hot spot of the top interface in the XOZ plane (−61.8° from X). (d) The effective stress direction at the hot spot of the top interface in the XOY plane (82.9° from X). (e) The hot spots at the top interface of the whole buffer. (f) The failed top interface of the buffer.

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