Research on the Seam Formation Mechanism of Elliptical Bipolar Linear Directional Blasting Based on the SPH-FEM Coupling Method

Table 1

Parameters of JH constitutive model [21].

Parameters		Unit	Value
Equation of state
Reference density		g/cm^3	2.66
Bulk modulus		GPa	25.70
Polynomial EOS constant		GPa	−4500.00
Polynomial EOS constant		GPa	300000.00
Johnson–Holmquist strength model
Shear modulus		GPa	21.90
Hugoniot elastic limit	HEL	GPa	4.50
Intact strength constant			0.76
Intact strength exponent			0.62
Strain rate constant			0.005
Fractured strength constant			0.250
Fractured strength exponent			0.62
Max. fractured strength ratio			0.25
Johnson–Holmquist failure model
Hydrotensile limit	HTL	MPa	−54.00
Damage constant			0.005
Damage constant			0.70
Bulking constant			0.50
Type of tensile failure			Hydro