Seismic Damage Prediction Method for Lining Structures Based on the SEDR Principle

Figure 9

Cracking prediction of the Shaohuoping tunnel with the SEDR principle: (a) the initial crack outside the arch springing at 3.52 s; (b) the crack inside the invert at 6 s; (c) the crack expansion inside the invert at 10 s; (d) the crack expansion outside the arch springing at 14 s; (e) the crack expansion inside the invert at 17 s; (f) the annular expansion at 22 s; (g) the crack expansion outside the arch springing at 25 s; (h) the fault and crack at the construction joint.

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