Fault Diagnosis of Electric Impact Drills Based on Time-Varying Loudness and Logistic Regression

<table class="table-group" id="tab4"><tr><td><table class="table"><tr><td class="thead-hr" colspan="2"><hr/></td></tr><tr class="thead"><td class="align_left">Type of acoustic signal</td><td class="align_center"><span style="width: 54.2255ptpx;"><svg height="12.4698pt" id="M53" style="vertical-align:-3.18147pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -9.28833 54.2255 12.4698" width="54.2255pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M673 0V28C608 34 594 43 563 129C499 303 432 494 370 665L339 656L132 132C98 43 84 37 20 28V0H238V28C162 35 154 45 175 108C188 150 203 192 219 237H432C454 176 474 122 487 83S491 36 428 28V0H673ZM418 280H234C265 362 296 450 328 535H330L418 280Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,8.644,0)"><path d="M390 111C344 68 312 56 269 56C212 56 118 102 118 241C118 346 175 401 241 401C277 401 312 388 342 360C350 352 355 349 361 349C372 349 394 371 394 392C394 403 391 411 378 422C362 436 329 449 288 449H287C250 449 190 432 138 392C71 341 37 274 37 197C37 90 112 -12 238 -12C297 -12 363 32 407 90L390 111Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,14.143,0)"><path d="M390 111C344 68 312 56 269 56C212 56 118 102 118 241C118 346 175 401 241 401C277 401 312 388 342 360C350 352 355 349 361 349C372 349 394 371 394 392C394 403 391 411 378 422C362 436 329 449 288 449H287C250 449 190 432 138 392C71 341 37 274 37 197C37 90 112 -12 238 -12C297 -12 363 32 407 90L390 111Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,19.717,3.132)"><path d="M517 162C503 123 484 88 467 68C445 42 417 34 341 34C291 34 256 34 237 47C219 59 213 81 213 128V317H308C395 317 402 311 415 240H444V431H415C403 364 398 356 307 356H213V584C213 613 215 616 246 616H322C394 616 421 609 435 587C448 566 458 544 467 502L496 506C493 557 488 625 488 650H42V622C120 616 128 612 128 523V125C128 43 120 35 29 28V0H511C520 31 540 125 546 158L517 162Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,24.886,3.132)"><path d="M303 0V28C221 34 213 39 213 125V525C213 610 221 616 303 622V650H38V622C120 616 128 610 128 525V125C128 40 120 34 38 28V0H303Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,27.989,3.132)"><path d="M43 650V622C120 616 128 612 128 526V124C128 39 120 33 34 27V0H270C392 0 492 25 567 83C643 141 690 230 690 350C690 444 655 517 605 565C543 625 450 650 323 650H43ZM213 547C213 587 217 598 226 604C236 612 262 617 304 617C371 617 429 604 474 576C554 529 592 439 592 336C592 176 505 36 319 36C246 36 213 55 213 131V547Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,35.231,0)"><path d="M300 -147C201 -63 143 98 143 270S200 602 300 686L282 710C136 610 70 450 70 271V270C70 89 136 -72 282 -170L300 -147Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,39.729,0)"><path d="M594 629L561 652L159 -9L190 -32L594 629ZM194 635C92 635 49 534 49 453C49 374 92 272 193 272C295 272 338 374 338 454S295 635 194 635ZM193 605C257 605 265 504 265 453C265 405 257 302 194 302C133 302 122 403 122 454S133 605 193 605ZM567 351C465 351 421 250 421 169C421 90 465 -12 566 -12S710 90 710 170S667 351 567 351ZM566 322C628 322 637 221 637 169C637 121 628 18 567 18S494 119 494 170C494 223 506 322 566 322Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,49.557,0)"><path d="M275 270C275 450 212 609 64 710L45 686C145 604 203 442 203 270S147 -63 45 -147L64 -170C213 -68 275 89 275 270Z"></path></g></svg></span></td></tr><tr><td class="thead-hr" colspan="2"><hr/></td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">Healthy EIDs</td><td class="align_center">94</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">Faulty EIDs</td><td class="align_center">100</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">The total accuracy of recognition of EIDs</td><td class="align_center"><svg height="12.4698pt" id="M54" style="vertical-align:-3.18147pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -9.28833 61.324 12.4698" width="61.324pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M592 498C586 556 582 629 581 675H560C545 656 537 650 510 650H115C87 650 74 652 60 675H40C38 620 33 555 28 495H57C69 539 77 568 89 585C102 607 122 616 205 616H267V123C267 44 259 34 168 28V0H454V28C360 34 352 44 352 123V616H422C498 616 514 608 531 584C542 568 552 543 562 495L592 498Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,7.068,0)"><path d="M673 0V28C608 34 594 43 563 129C499 303 432 494 370 665L339 656L132 132C98 43 84 37 20 28V0H238V28C162 35 154 45 175 108C188 150 203 192 219 237H432C454 176 474 122 487 83S491 36 428 28V0H673ZM418 280H234C265 362 296 450 328 535H330L418 280Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,15.712,0)"><path d="M390 111C344 68 312 56 269 56C212 56 118 102 118 241C118 346 175 401 241 401C277 401 312 388 342 360C350 352 355 349 361 349C372 349 394 371 394 392C394 403 391 411 378 422C362 436 329 449 288 449H287C250 449 190 432 138 392C71 341 37 274 37 197C37 90 112 -12 238 -12C297 -12 363 32 407 90L390 111Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,21.211,0)"><path d="M390 111C344 68 312 56 269 56C212 56 118 102 118 241C118 346 175 401 241 401C277 401 312 388 342 360C350 352 355 349 361 349C372 349 394 371 394 392C394 403 391 411 378 422C362 436 329 449 288 449H287C250 449 190 432 138 392C71 341 37 274 37 197C37 90 112 -12 238 -12C297 -12 363 32 407 90L390 111Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,26.815,3.132)"><path d="M517 162C503 123 484 88 467 68C445 42 417 34 341 34C291 34 256 34 237 47C219 59 213 81 213 128V317H308C395 317 402 311 415 240H444V431H415C403 364 398 356 307 356H213V584C213 613 215 616 246 616H322C394 616 421 609 435 587C448 566 458 544 467 502L496 506C493 557 488 625 488 650H42V622C120 616 128 612 128 523V125C128 43 120 35 29 28V0H511C520 31 540 125 546 158L517 162Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,31.984,3.132)"><path d="M303 0V28C221 34 213 39 213 125V525C213 610 221 616 303 622V650H38V622C120 616 128 610 128 525V125C128 40 120 34 38 28V0H303Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,35.087,3.132)"><path d="M43 650V622C120 616 128 612 128 526V124C128 39 120 33 34 27V0H270C392 0 492 25 567 83C643 141 690 230 690 350C690 444 655 517 605 565C543 625 450 650 323 650H43ZM213 547C213 587 217 598 226 604C236 612 262 617 304 617C371 617 429 604 474 576C554 529 592 439 592 336C592 176 505 36 319 36C246 36 213 55 213 131V547Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,42.33,0)"><path d="M300 -147C201 -63 143 98 143 270S200 602 300 686L282 710C136 610 70 450 70 271V270C70 89 136 -72 282 -170L300 -147Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,46.828,0)"><path d="M594 629L561 652L159 -9L190 -32L594 629ZM194 635C92 635 49 534 49 453C49 374 92 272 193 272C295 272 338 374 338 454S295 635 194 635ZM193 605C257 605 265 504 265 453C265 405 257 302 194 302C133 302 122 403 122 454S133 605 193 605ZM567 351C465 351 421 250 421 169C421 90 465 -12 566 -12S710 90 710 170S667 351 567 351ZM566 322C628 322 637 221 637 169C637 121 628 18 567 18S494 119 494 170C494 223 506 322 566 322Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,56.656,0)"><path d="M275 270C275 450 212 609 64 710L45 686C145 604 203 442 203 270S147 -63 45 -147L64 -170C213 -68 275 89 275 270Z"></path></g></svg> 97</td></tr><tr class="table-tr"><td colspan="2"><hr class="tbody-hr"/></td></tr></table></td></tr></table>

<div>The classification accuracy on the testing dataset using the PAR of the time-varying loudness spectrum and logistic regression (LR).</div>

Shock and Vibration

tab4

Table 4

Table 4: Fault Diagnosis of Electric Impact Drills Based on Time-Varying Loudness and Logistic Regression 