Numerical Investigation on Crack Propagation and Fatigue Life Estimation of Shield Lining under Train Vibration Load

Figure 8

The final crack in the shield segment under different train speeds: (a) 100 km/h; (b) 80 km/h; (c) 60 km/h; (d) 40 km/h.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)