Small Pilot Tunnel Advance and Step Reverse Expansion in Super-Large-Section Tunnel Excavation

Figure 8

Settlement monitoring of the six monitoring points with daily and cumulative deformation. (a) Monitoring point 1. (b) Monitoring point 2. (c) Monitoring point 3. (d) Monitoring point 4. (e) Monitoring point 5. (f) Monitoring point 6.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)