Study on Dynamic Response Characteristics and Damage Mechanism of Tunnel Lining at Entrance of Shallow Bias Tunnel

<div>Lining crack. (a) Cracks in left skewback of bias section. (b) Cracks in right skewback of bias section. (c) Longitudinal cracks at right spandrel of portal section. (d) Ring crack of right spandrel in bias section. (e) Longitudinal crack of right spandrel in bias section.</div>

Shock and Vibration

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Figure 9

Figure 9: Study on Dynamic Response Characteristics and Damage Mechanism of Tunnel Lining at Entrance of Shallow Bias Tunnel 