Damage Index Analysis of Retaining Wall Structures Based on the Impulse Response Function and Virtual Impulse Response Function

Table 1

Accidents due to retaining walls collapse.

Time	Place	Consequence	Cause
2012	Shenwu city of Fujian province, China	Destroyed many houses	Damages were not found or repaired timely
2013	Shouyang city of Shanxi province, China	12 deaths and 7 injuries	Damages were not paid much attention to even after detecting them
2014	Qingdao city of Shandong province, China	18 deaths and several injures	Damages caused by rainfall caused the collapse of the wall
2015	Lanling city of Shandong province, China	10 deaths and 3 injures	Construction quality faults caused the collapse of the wall
2016	Quanzhou city of Fujian province, China	2 deaths and 6 injures	Rainfall and construction quality faults caused the collapse of the wall
2017	Chizhou city of Anhui province, China	2 deaths	Construction quality faults caused the collapse of the wall
2018	Baoding city of Hebei province, China	2 deaths and 3 injures	Construction quality faults caused the collapse of the wall
2019	Bijie city of Guizhou province, China	5 deaths	Construction quality faults caused the collapse of the wall
2020	Jincheng city of Shanxi province, China	3 deaths	Rainfall and construction quality faults caused the collapse of the wall