Prediction of Bench Blasting Vibration on Slope and Safety Threshold of Blasting Vibration Velocity to Undercrossing Tunnel

Table 5

Variables related to PPVs on the slope surface subjected to blasting excavation.

Variables	Symbol	Dimension
PPV		LT^−1
Density of rock mass	ρ	ML^−3
Horizontal distance	D	L
Vertical distance	H	L
Poisson ratio	μ	1
P-wave velocity	Cp	LT^−1
Elastic modulus	E	ML^−1T^−2
Maximum charge per delay	Q	M
Frequency	f	T^−1

Note. M is the mass, L is the length, and T is the time.