Strata Caving and Gob Evolution Characteristic in Longwall Mining

Figure 8

Horizontal stress distributions around the mined-out area. (a) Stage 1 (20 m). (b) Stage 2 (40 m). (c) Stage 5 (60 m). (d) Stage 4 (80 m). (e) Stage 5 (100 m). (f) Stage 6 (120 m). (g) Stage 7 (140 m). (h) Stage 8 (160 m).

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)

(g)

(h)