Seismic Performance of Concrete-Filled Square Steel Tubular Column-Steel Beam Sleeve Joint

Figure 15

Hysteretic curves of joints with different axial compression ratios. (a) n = 0.2, (b) n = 0.4, (c) n = 0.6, and (d) n = 0.8.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)