Seismic Performance of Concrete-Filled Square Steel Tubular Column-Steel Beam Sleeve Joint

Figure 6

Failure modes of specimens. (a) Sleeve local buckling; (b) base metal tearing of the left; (c) weld cracking; (d) base metal tearing of upper; (e) sleeve tearing; (f) joint failure.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)