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| No. | Vertical loading displacement | Failure phenomena |
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| CFST-1 | 55 mm (1) | The upper flange of the right beam and the lower flange of the left beam have large local buckling |
| 55 mm (2) | The sleeve local buckling at the connection between the right beam and the sleeve and the left beam and the sleeve is about 15 mm and 20 mm, respectively |
| 55 mm (3) | The upper flange weld of the right beam and the lower flange weld of the left beam crack |
| 60 mm (1) | The base metals on the lower side of the right beam and the upper side of the left beam are torn |
| 60 mm (3) | The base metals on the upper and lower flanges are torn |
| 65 mm (2) | The connection between the sleeve and the upper flange and the sleeve and the lower flange of the right beam is torn about 30 mm and 8 mm, respectively; the connection between the sleeve and the upper flange of the left beam is torn about 40 mm |
| 65 mm (3) | The specimen failure occurs |
| CFST-2 | 55 mm (1) | The adhesion failure occurs between the concrete and steel tube wall |
| 60 mm (1) | The base metal on the lower flange of the right beam is torn |
| 60 mm (2) | The base metal on the upper flange of the left beam is torn, and the sleeve local buckling occurs |
| 65 mm (1) | The sleeve of the right beam has a tear of about 2 mm |
| 65 mm (2) | The upper flange of the left beam is partially separated from the sleeve |
| 65 mm (3) | The flange on both sides of the beam is separated from the sleeve, and specimen failure occurs |
| CFST-3 | 65 mm (1) | The upper flange of the right beam has a local buckling |
| 65 mm (2) | The sleeve of the left beam has a local buckling of about 8 mm |
| 65 mm (3) | The base metals on the lower side of the right beam and the upper side of the left beam are torn, and the sleeve of the left beam has a local buckling of about 12 mm |
| 70 mm (1) | The left beam is distorted |
| 70 mm (2) | The base metal has been torn, and the sleeve of the left beam has a crack of about 6 mm |
| 70 mm (3) | The sleeve of the left beam is slightly damaged and has a local buckling, and the whole weld is torn |
| 75 mm (2) | The flange on both sides of the beam is separated from the sleeve, and specimen failure occurs |
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