Numerical Analysis of a Small Pneumatic Hammer Performance Based on Evaluation Method of Friction Force

Table 3

Difference between the current approach and previous one.

Approach	Friction	ESM for impact energy	ESM for impact frequency
Current approach	Consider	2%	Less than 2%
Previous approach	Ignore	13∼17%	2∼3%
Study [9]	Ignore	10.34%	6.03%
Study [10]	Ignore	13.07%	7.69%
Study [16]	Ignore	12.4%	5.26%
Study [18]	Ignore	9.74%	1.87