Influence of Foundation Pit Excavation on Tunnels at Different Locations

<div>Changes in normalized vertical stresses along tunnel axis in case C and case S. (a) Case C and (b) case S. Soil elements: C, crown; SP, left spring line or right spring line in case C, right spring line in case S; and I, invert.</div>

Shock and Vibration

fig7

Figure 7

Figure 7: Influence of Foundation Pit Excavation on Tunnels at Different Locations 