[Retracted] High-Resolution Direction of Arrival Estimation of Underwater Multitargets Using Swarming Intelligence of Flower Pollination Heuristics

Table 3

Estimation accuracy for four sources.

SNR = 5 dB, snapshots = 20, sydrophones = 8, d = /2
Algorithms		FPA	ESPRIT	RMUSIC	MUSIC	MVDR	PSO
= 10	Mean	10.798	6.754	−23.206	21.393	23.207	9.859
	Variance	63.4	137.7	753.8	98.5	97.0	1224.0
= 20	Mean	20.248	18.989	14.247	24.713	25.583	41.079
	Variance	16.3	18.9	58.3	102.3	94.3	1032.8
= 30	Mean	30.001	30.628	25.541	28.473	27.853	39.7725
	Variance	0.0204	21.7581	69.7347	93.6560	89.8585	550.2132
= 40	Mean	39.995	41.852	37.238	31.137	29.893	47.3674
	Variance	0.0274	29.1674	35.1613	75.3313	78.6620	391.5863