Analytical Simulation of 3D Wind-Induced Vibrations of Rectangular Tall Buildings in Time Domain

Table 1

Values of surface roughness length for various types of built-up terrain.

Type of surface	(m)
Sand	0.0001–0.001
Snow surface	0.001–0.006
Mown grass	0.001–0.01
Low grass, steppe	0.01–0.04
Fallow field	0.02–0.03
High grass	0.04–0.1
Palmetto	0.1–0.3
Pine forest	0.9–1
Sparsely built-up suburbs	0.2–0.4
Densely built-up suburbs, towns	0.8–1.2
Centers of large cities	2–3