Application of Variational Mode Decomposition and Multiscale Permutation Entropy in Rolling Bearing Failure Analysis

Figure 4

Permutation entropy calculation of the original time series. (a) Mean values of IMF1: 0.2710, 0.3767, 0.3960, and 0.4611, (b) mean values of IMF2: 0.4428, 0.5097, 0.4970, and 0.5571, (c) mean values of IMF3: 0.4708, 0.6383, 0.6432, and 0.5447, (d) mean values of IMF4: 0.5982, 0.5996, 0.5562, and 0.5847, and (e) mean values of residual: 0.7986, 0.9045, 0.9071, and 0.9573.

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