Attenuation of a Highly Pathogenic Porcine Deltacoronavirus Strain CZ2020 by a Serial Passage In Vitro

Figure 7

Determination of cytokines after the infection of PDCoV in vitro. LLC-PK1 cells were infected or mock infected with PDCoV CZ2020, CZ2020-F80, and CZ2020-F100 for 12 h; then, the infected cells were harvested for quantification of the cytokines. The cytokines, including (a) TNF-α, (b) IL-1β, (c) IL-6, (d) IFN-α, and (e) IFN-λ3, were determined by using the SYBR green-based RT-qPCR. The experiments were performed in quadruplicate and data are expressed as the mean ± standard deviations for four samples. An unpaired two-tailed t-test was used to determine the statistical significance. ; ; ; ; ns, no significance.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)