The Spread of Lumpy Skin Disease Virus across Southeast Asia: Insights from Surveillance

Table 1

Summary statistics of lumpy skin disease (LSD) cases, morbidity, and mortality rates in Thailand, Malaysia, Cambodia, Vietnam, Laos, and Myanmar, reported to the World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH) World Animal Health Information System (WAHIS) from 1 October 2020 to 1 October 2021.

Parameters	Thailand	Malaysia	Cambodia	Vietnam	Laos	Myanmar	Average	Total
Number of reports	553	267	21	15	9	1	144.33	866
Number of susceptible cattle	1738566	11271	3907	3098	2018	63	293153.83	1758923
Number of cases	78968	595	824	12703	369	6	15577.5	93465
Number of deaths	5874	1	13	48	0	0	989.33	5936
Number culled	20	0	0	1097	0	0	186.17	1117
Mean morbidity (%)	37.1	19.5	22.4	18.1	19.1	9.52	20.95	—
Minimum morbidity (%)	0.001	0.20	13.33	3.76	14.91	9.52	6.95	—
Maximum morbidity (%)	100	100	41.67	48	20	9.52	53.20	—
Mean mortality (%)	7.3	0.07	1.1	7.7	0	0	2.68	—
Minimum mortality (%)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	—
Maximum mortality (%)	100	20	6.67	53.57	0	0	30.04	—
Mean culled (%)	0.03	0	0	4.4	0	0	0.73	—
Minimum culled (%)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	—
Maximum culled (%)	14.08	0	0	15.09	0	0	4.86	—

The total number of reports (n = 866), number of susceptible cattle (n = 1758923), number of cases (n = 93465), number of deaths (n = 5936), and number of culled (n = 1117) were reported for each country. The morbidity and mortality were calculated as number of cases ÷ number of susceptible cattle and number of deaths ÷ number of susceptible cattle, respectively. The proportion culled was calculated as number culled ÷ number of susceptible cattle. An average was calculated and reported across all countries (n = 6). The data was extracted from the WOAH WAHIS (https://wahis.woah.org/#/home). Vietnam only officially reported 15 outbreaks; however, 2 outbreaks contain suboutbreaks that account for the majority of the cases (outbreak 84273 had 205 suboutbreaks, accounting for 11,520 of the cases and outbreak 84272 has 45 suboutbreaks, accounting for 722 cases).