Monitoring the Prevalence of Antimicrobial Resistance in Companion Animals: Results from Clinical Isolates in an Italian University Veterinary Hospital

Table 5

Results of the multivariable analysis results from a study to assess the association of risk factors included in the model to antimicrobial resistance (AMR) or multidrug resistance (MDR) in 940 analyzed isolates collected from dogs and cats referred to a Veterinary University Hospital between November 2020 and September 2022.

Variables	AMR		MDR
	OR (95% CI)	p Value	OR (95% CI)	p Value
Species (dog)	1.55 (1.06–2.29)
Previous hospitalization/surgery in the past 30 days (yes)
Invasive device use in the previous 90 days (yes)	2.06 (1.29–3.30)		1.76 (1.28–2.41)
Antimicrobial use in the past 90 days (yes)	3.741 (2.516–5.564)		2.47 (1.93–3.15)
Current antimicrobial use (yes)			1.39 (1.08–1.79)

Significant according to the p value (<0.05). Results were considered significant with a . Odds ratios (OR) are reported with 95% confidence interval (CI). Only results with a significant p value (marked with ) are shown.