Accuracy of Tests for Diagnosis of Animal Tuberculosis: Moving Away from the Golden Calf (and towards Bayesian Models)
Table 3
Average posterior median (APM) and 95% average posterior probability intervals (APPI) of the Se and Sp of antemortem diagnostic tests for tuberculosis in the articles reviewed.
Test
N†
Se estimates‡
APM and 95% APPI Se estimates (%)§
Sp estimates‡
APM and 95% APPI Sp estimates (%)§
Species
Skin test (PPD-based)
13
49
66.3 (52.5–74.6)
49
99.1 (98.6–99.5)
Cervical
10
43
66.1 (49.3–72.0)
43
99.2 (98.7–99.5)
Cattle
SIT standard interpretation
6
12
63.9 (46.6–84.0)
12
96.9 (96.3–97.4)
Cattle
SIT severe interpretation
6
10
69.8 (46.0–91.8)
10
99.4 (98.8–99.9)
Cattle
SICCT standard interpretation
5
13
57.5 (52.5–66.6)
13
99.1 (98.2–99.7)
Cattle
SICCT severe interpretation
4
8
70.4 (66.8–75.6)
8
99.2 (98.7–99.6)
Cattle
Caudal fold
3
6
72.9 (57.6–86.6)
6
78.7 (64.3–94.1)
Cattle, bison
IFN- γ blood test
12
44
78.1 (70.5–89.7)
44
89.3 (86.9–91.7)
BOVIGAM (OD 0.05)
5
10
88.7 (80.1–96.2)
10
88.1 (85.6–91.1)
Cattle
BOVIGAM (OD 0.1)
7
23
75.1 (69.1–81.3)
23
88.2 (86.6–89.6)
Cattle
BOVIGAM (OD 0.2)
1
1
83.3 (74.2–93.5)
1
23.5 (17.4–30.3)
Cattle
IDvet
1
3
49.0 (24.9–94.1)
3
97.9 (97.4–98.4)
Cattle
Antigen TB-feron (OD 0.1)
1
1
97.0 (86.0–100)
1
97.0 (91.4–98.5)
Cattle
ESAT6/CFP10
2
5
66.0 (61.7–72.5)
5
95.3 (95.0–95.5)
Cattle
In-house
1
1
79.9 (68.8–89.5)
1
95.0 (91.4–98.5)
Badger
Serology test
13
39
52.2 (39.9–67.4)
39
95.5 (92.0–98.8)
ELISA
6
15
53.9 (33.1–73.4)
15
95.5 (91.7–98.8)
Cattle, wild boar
Multiplex immunoassay
5
16
51.3 (45.8–56.4)
16
98.7 (97.4–99.5)
Cattle, elk, badger, meerkat, bison
FPA
3
5
38.0 (21.0–54.7)
5
94.0 (92.0–95.0)
Cattle, bison, elk
LST
1
2
71.0 (55.0–84.0)
2
79.0 (76.0–81.0)
Elk
Rapid lateral flow
1
1
93.0 (31.0–99.0)
1
99.0 (95.0–100)
Cattle
†Number of articles that evaluate each test. ‡Number of trials from which sensitivity and specificity estimates were extracted. §Sensitivity and specificity average posterior median and 95% average posterior probability interval of each test. Nature of the test is indicated in bold.
