Descriptive Epidemiology and Phylodynamics of the “First Wave” of an Outbreak of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (H5N1 Clade 2.3.4.4b) in British Columbia and the Yukon, Canada, April to September 2022

<div>Membership within hemagglutinin (HA)-specific genetic clusters suggest different modes of transmission occurred during the British Columbia (B.C.)/Yukon outbreak. This is demonstrated by (a) different collection site type distribution (wild, domestic commercial, domestic-small flock) among genetic clusters and (b) presence of clusters of closely related viruses from different farms (infected premises). IP, infected premise. Gray tree tips represent wild birds. Trees are rooted by the earliest N. American H5N1 detection in the 2021/2022 outbreak, the A/chicken/NL/FAV-0033/2021 (H5) reference sequence.</div>

Transboundary and Emerging Diseases

fig4

Figure 4

Figure 4: Descriptive Epidemiology and Phylodynamics of the “First Wave” of an Outbreak of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (H5N1 Clade 2.3.4.4b) in British Columbia and the Yukon, Canada, April to September 2022 

Figure 4 | Descriptive Epidemiology and Phylodynamics of the “First Wave” of an Outbreak of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (H5N1 Clade 2.3.4.4b) in British Columbia and the Yukon, Canada, April to September 2022 