Identifying Risk Factors for Stephanofilaria-Caused Ulcerative Dermal Lesions, in Black and White Rhinoceros’ Meta-Population in Kenya

Table 4

Mean environmental parameters including total annual rainfall, monthly temperature, and monthly NDVI in 10 rhinoceros’ sanctuaries in Kenya from June 2020 to May 2023.

Sanctuary	Minimum temperature ± SD	Maximum temperature ± SD	Mean temperature ± SD	Rainfall total ± SD	NDVI ± SD	Spatial heterogeneity in NDVI ± SD
IPZ	18.527 ± 1.475	29.077 ± 1.892	23.518 ± 1.487	430.818 ± 88.299	0.376 ± 0.120	0.079 ± 0.042
LNP	13.500 ± 0.930	23.891 ± 1.919	18.512 ± 1.350	954.585 ± 154.417	0.560 ± 0.129	0.073 ± 0.019
LBL	13.008 ± 0.715	22.405 ± 1.018	17.466 ± 0.690	946.318 ± 328.204	0.341 ± 0.115	0.058 ± 0.020
MRS	20.981 ± 0.834	31.044 ± 1.386	25.814 ± 1.045	383.995 ± 28.063	0.453 ± 0.156	0.080 ± 0.032
NNP	14.632 ± 1.130	24.245 ± 1.824	19.127 ± 1.306	409.866 ± 106.801	0.426 ± 0.119	0.090 ± 0.019
NRS	19.907 ± 1.457	30.055 ± 1.669	24.556 ± 1.394	346.472 ± 93.497	0.394 ± 0.136	0.054 ± 0.033
OLJ	13.228 ± 0.790	24.738 ± 1.214	18.902 ± 0.801	415.641 ± 186.035	0.354 ± 0.123	0.047 ± 0.015
OPC	12.054 ± 0.753	23.683 ± 1.506	17.669 ± 0.893	478.482 ± 196.664	0.463 ± 0.101	0.073 ± 0.015
SRS	12.220 ± 0.750	21.520 ± 1.466	16.551 ± 1.047	1325.614 ± 250.233	0.473 ± 0.105	0.089 ± 0.019
TSE	21.420 ± 1.340	31.524 ± 1.721	25.814 ± 1.406	253.929 ± 37.523	0.267 ± 0.076	0.057 ± 0.034