Effect of Nonpharmaceutical Interventions in Preventing COVID-19 on the Circulation of Avian Influenza Virus in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
Table 1
AIV, H5, H9, Untyped, and coexistence of H5 and H9 nucleic acid positive rates in different years and stages.
Categories
N
AIV (%)
H5 (%)
H9 (%)
Untyped (%)
H5 + H9 (%)
Years
2018
671
190 (28.32)
23 (3.43)
91 (13.56)
51 (7.60)
25 (3.73)
2019
320
105 (32.81)
15 (4.69)
61 (19.06)
7 (2.19)
22 (6.88)
2020
270
30 (11.11)
4 (1.48)
24 (8.89)
0 (0)
2 (0.74)
2021
410
64 (15.61)
0 (0)
60 (14.63)
3 (0.73)
1 (0.24)
2022
780
143 (18.33)
14 (1.79)
87 (11.15)
18 (2.31)
24 (3.08)
Total
2,451
532 (21.71)
56 (2.28)
323 (13.18)
79 (3.22)
74 (3.02)
χ2
—
72.500
23.406
17.665
61.567
32.973
p
—
<0.001
<0.001
0.001
<0.001
<0.001
Periods
Non-NPIs
1,041
306 (29.39)
42 (4.03)
157 (15.08)
58 (5.57)
49 (4.71)
NPIs
1,410
226 (16.03)
14 (0.99)
166 (11.77)
21 (1.49)
25 (1.77)
χ2
—
62.959
24.817
5.730
31.993
17.606
p
—
<0.001
<0.001
0.017
<0.001
<0.001
Non-NPIs corresponded to the stage before COVID-19, and NPIs corresponded to the stage after COVID-19. The period from January 2018 to January 2020 was defined as before COVID-19, while the period from June 2020 to December 2022 was defined as after COVID-19. The non-H5/7/9 subtypes were referred to as Untyped.
