Wild Birds as Drivers of Salmonella Braenderup and Multidrug Resistant Bacteria in Wetlands of Northern Italy

Table 2

Multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacteria isolated from wild aquatic birds sampled in Northern Italy.

Bacterium	Animal	Multidrug resistant phenotype	Number of classes of antibiotics	Number of isolates
S. fonticola	Anas crecca	AK CAZ CN ETP FOX	3	1
E. hirae	Spatula clypeata	AMP LNZ QD TEIC VAN	4	1
E.casseliflavus	Spatula clypeata	LNZ QD TEIC	3	1
E.gallinarum camp.	Spatula clypeata	AMP LNZ QD TEIC	4	1
Staph. lentus	Spatula clypeata	CLIN DAP LNZ OX RD SXT TEIC TET VAN	8	1
Staph. lentus	Spatula clypeata	CLIN OX STX	3	1
Strep. alactolyticus	Anas crecca	BEN CLIN CTX CRO ERY LEV MXF VAN	5	1
Strep. thoralensis	Spatula clypeata	BEN CLIN CTX ERY LEV TET	5	1

AMP, ampicillin; AK, amikacin; BEN, benzypenicillin; CAZ, ceftazidime; CLIN, clindamycin; CN, gentamycin; CTX, cefotaxime; CRO, ceftriaxone; DAP, daptomycin; ERY, erythromycin; ETP, ertapenem; FOX, cefoxitin; LEV, levofloxacin; LNZ, linezolid; MXF, moxifloxacine; OX, oxacillin; QD, quinupristin/dalfopristin; RD, rifampicin; SXT, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole; TEIC, teicoplanin; TET, tetracycline; and VAN, vancomycin.