Phylogenetic and Molecular Characteristics of Wild Bird-Origin Avian Influenza Viruses Circulating in Poland in 2018−2022: Reassortment, Multiple Introductions, and Wild Bird–Poultry Epidemiological Links

<div>Geographical representation of phylogenetically confirmed epidemiological links between wild birds (black dots) and poultry farms (red dots) during the H5N<i>x</i> HPAI 2020/2021 epidemic in Poland. The high HPAIV contamination indicated by the enormous number of HPAIV outbreaks in poultry in three neighboring voivodeships in Poland (Masovian Voivodeship, Warmian–Masurian Voivodeship, Kuyavian–Pomeranian Voivodeship) between mid-March and May 2021 is presented (gray dots).</div>

Transboundary and Emerging Diseases

fig3

Figure 3

Figure 3: Phylogenetic and Molecular Characteristics of Wild Bird-Origin Avian Influenza Viruses Circulating in Poland in 2018−2022: Reassortment, Multiple Introductions, and Wild Bird–Poultry Epidemiological Links 

Figure 3 | Phylogenetic and Molecular Characteristics of Wild Bird-Origin Avian Influenza Viruses Circulating in Poland in 2018−2022: Reassortment, Multiple Introductions, and Wild Bird–Poultry Epidemiological Links 