Serological Surveillance and Risk Factor Analysis for Parrot Bornavirus in Taiwan

Table 2

Parrots with paired serum samples used in this study.

PaBV genotypes	Genus of birds	Age	Clinic visit	Clinical symptoms	Observation of PD	PaBV-specific antibody^a	PaBV antigen^b
PaBV-2	Cacatua; (Cacatua moluccensis)	1 year	1st time	Weight loss, anorexia, regurgitation	NA	Positive	NA
			2nd time; (1-month interval)	Weight loss, anorexia, proventricular dilatation	Positive by X-rays	Positive	Positive
PaBV-4	Cacatua; (Cacatua moluccensis)	2 years to 3 years 8 months	1st time	Posture problem	NA	Positive	NA
			2nd time; (9-month interval)	Lameness, weight loss, anorexia, diarrhea, vomiting	NA	Positive	Positive
PaBV-4	Psittacus; (Psittacus erithacus)	2 months to 4 months	1st time	Depression	NA	Negative	NA
			2nd time; (2-month interval)	Depression, feather plucking, weight loss, undigested seeds in feces, proventricular dilatation	Positive by X-ray and palpation	Positive	Positive
PaBV-5	Eclectus; (Eclectus roratus)	1 year	1st time	Proventricular dilatation; Head shaking, wing shivering	Positive by X-ray	Negative	Positive
			2nd time	Proventricular dilatation,; Feather plucking	Positive by X-ray	Positive	Negative
			3rd time	Proventricular dilatation,; Feather plucking	Positive by X-ray	Positive	Negative
			4th time; (1-month interval)	Proventricular dilatation, anorexia; Feather plucking	Positive by X-ray	Negative	Negative

NA: not analyzed; ^aAntibody was analyzed by immunoblotting assay; ^bViral antigen was detected by RT-PCR and sequencing specific for M gene. Four serum samples, one for PaBV-2, two for PaBV-4, and one for PaBV-5, with a detailed history, clinical symptoms, and diagnostic results, are listed.