Endoscopic Nipple- or Skin-Sparing Mastectomy and Immediate Breast Reconstruction with Endoscopic Harvesting of the Latissimus Dorsi Flap: A Preliminary Experience of an Innovative Technique

Table 3

Surgical data (various authors).

Author (references)	Patients	Mastectomy type	Incision length (cm) and situation	Other incisions or ports	Endoscopy or robot	LD harvesting time (min)
Winocour et al. [10]	25	Mastectomy	3 ports, anterior border of the muscle, and 7, 14, and 21 cm from the posterior axillary line	Mastectomy incision	Endoscopy	—
Lee et al. [26]	5	Partial mastectomy	4–6, in the mid-axillary line at the IMF level	Axillary incision, breast incision	Endoscopy	82.6 (65–95)
Kim et al. [30]	21	NSM, partial mastectomy	4, at the IMF level and on the anterior border of the LD muscle	Axillary incision, breast incision	Endoscopy	63 (40–121)
Lai et al. [16]	1	Quadrantectomy, robot	Axillary incision	2 ports	Robot	97
Lai et al. [32]	2	NSM, robot	Axillary incision	2 ports	Robot	267 and 90
Xu et al. [31]	2	Lumpectomy	3 ports	Breast incision	Endoscopy	161 and 180
Houvenaeghel et al. [27]	46	SSM	NAC incision, 6-7 cm vertical incision at the level of the mid-axillary line (not necessary)	3 ports	Robot	—