Negative Impact of Vitamin D Deficiency at Diagnosis on Breast Cancer Survival: A Prospective Cohort Study
Table 2
Comparison between anatomopathological characteristics according to serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations, sufficient (≥30 ng/mL), insufficient (20–30 ng/mL), and deficient (<20 ng/mL).
Variables
Normal (n = 65)
Insufficient (n = 92)
Deficient (n = 35)
value
Tumor size (cm), n (%)
0.69
≤2
19 (29.2)
25 (27.2)
13 (37.1)
2–5
40 (61.6)
57 (62.0)
17 (48.6)
≥5
6 (9.2)
10 (10.9)
5 (14.3)
Histological type, n (%)
0.38
Ductal
62 (95.4)
88 (95.7)
34 (97.1)
Lobular
3 (4.6)
4 (4.3)
1 (2.9)
Histological grade, n (%)
0.02
Low (grade 1)
9 (13.8)
6 (6.5)
1 (2.8)
Intermediate (grade 2)
38 (58.5)
47 (51.1)
13 (37.1)
High (grade 3)
18 (27.7)
39 (42.4)
21 (60.1)
AJCC clinical stage, n (%)
0.01
I
19 (33.3)
32 (33.3)
8 (20.5)
II
23 (40.4)
38 (39.6)
8 (20.5)
III
10 (17.5)
19 (19.7)
13 (33.3)
IV
5 (8.8)
7 (7.3)
10 (25.6)
Lymph node status, n (%)
0.004
Negative
39 (60.0)
31 (33.7)
14 (40.0)
Positive
26 (40.0)
61 (66.3)
21 (60.0)
Estrogen receptor, n (%)
<0.0001
Positive
61 (93.8)
77 (83.4)
21 (60.0)
Negative
4 (6.2)
15 (16.6)
14 (40.0)
Progesterone receptor, n (%)
0.047
Positive
52 (80.0)
63 (68.5)
20 (57.1)
Negative
13 (20.0)
29 (31.5)
15 (42.9)
HER2 status, n (%)
0.91
Positive
13 (20.0)
19 (20.6)
6 (17.1)
Negative
52 (80.0)
73 (79.4)
29 (82.9)
Ki-67 index, n (%)
0.001
<20%
32 (49.2)
25 (27.2)
5 (14.3)
≥20%
33 (50.8)
67 (72.8)
30 (85.7)
Intrinsic subtype, n (%)
0.0003
Luminal HER2-
40 (72.7)
79 (76.7)
16 (47.1)
Luminal HER2+
12 (21.8)
10 (9.7)
5 (14.7)
HER2-enriched
1 (1.8)
8 (7.8)
2 (5.9)
Triple-negative
2 (3.7)
6 (5.8)
11 (33.3)
Values are presented in frequency and percentage. AJCC, American Joint Committee on Cancer; HER2, human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2. Significant difference if (chi-square test).
