Hospital Rurality and Gene Expression Profiling for Early-Stage Breast Cancer among Iowa Residents (2010–2018)

Table 2

Patient characteristics by residential location among women with early-stage, HR+, HER2−, LN− breast cancer.

	Residential location			value
	Urban area	Large rural area	Small rural area
	(N = 3859)	(N = 958)	(N = 1909)
	N (Column %)	N (Column %)	N (Column%)
Age at diagnosis, years
<50	612 (15.9)	111 (11.6)	221 (11.6)	<0.0001^a
50–59	918 (23.8)	212 (22.1)	396 (20.7)
60–69	1218 (31.6)	296 (30.9)	583 (30.5)
≥70	1111 (28.7)	339 (35.4)	709 (37.2)
Marital status at diagnosis
Married/Living with partner	2527 (65.5)	612 (63.9)	1277 (66.9)	0.261^b
Other^c/Unknown	1332 (34.5)	346 (36.1)	632 (33.1)
Insurance status
Insured^d	3503 (90.8)	863 (90.1)	1736 (90.9)	0.089^b
Any Medicaid^e	216 (5.6)	69 (7.2)	97 (5.1)
Uninsured/Unknown	140 (3.6)	26 (2.7)	76 (4.0)
Median household income
<$50,000	688 (17.8)	384 (40.1)	625 (32.7)	<0.0001^a
$50,000-$59,999	726 (18.8)	376 (39.2)	825 (43.2)
$60,000-$69,999	971 (25.2)	150 (15.7)	385 (20.2)
≥$70,000	1474 (38.2)	48 (5.0)	74 (3.9)
Year of diagnosis
2010–2012	1071 (27.8)	291 (30.4)	565 (29.6)	0.065^a
2013–2015	1301 (33.7)	344 (35.9)	638 (33.4)
2016–2018	1487 (38.5)	323 (33.7)	706 (37.0)
Cancer stage
I	3172 (82.2)	773 (80.7)	1497 (78.4)	0.003^a
II	687 (17.8)	185 (19.3)	412 (21.6)
Histology
Ductal	2929 (75.9)	679 (70.9)	1450 (76.0)	0.033^b
Lobular	459 (11.9)	123 (12.8)	208 (10.9)
Ductal + Lobular	147 (3.8)	49 (5.1)	83 (4.4)
Mucinous	110 (2.9)	39 (4.1)	67 (3.5)
NOS/Other	214 (5.5)	68 (7.1)	101 (5.2)
Tumor size, cm
0.6–1.9	3007 (77.9)	718 (75.0)	1399 (73.3)	0.001^a
2.0–4.0	744 (19.3)	207 (21.6)	457 (23.9)
>4.0	108 (2.8)	33 (3.4)	53 (2.8)
Tumor grade
Well differentiated	1577 (40.9)	355 (37.1)	700 (36.7)	0.049^b
Moderately differentiated	1648 (42.7)	437 (45.6)	874 (45.8)
Poorly differentiated/Undifferentiated	559 (14.5)	148 (15.4)	303 (15.9)
Unknown	75 (1.9)	18 (1.9)	32 (1.6)
GEP method
Oncotype DX	1721 (44.6)	409 (42.7)	784 (41.1)	0.009^b
Other^f	99 (2.6)	12 (1.2)	44 (2.3)
Test not done	2039 (52.8)	537 (56.1)	1081 (56.6)

Abbreviations: CM, centimeter; GEP, gene expression profiling; HER2−, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 negative; HR+, hormone receptor-positive; LN−, lymph node negative; NOS, not otherwise specified. Bold values indicate significance at α = 0.05. -values are based on Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel test for trend for ordered variables. -values are based on Pearson chi-square test for categorical variables. ^c Divorced, separated, single, and widowed. ^d Private insurance and Medicare. ^e Indian Health Service. ^f MammaPrint, EndoPredict, BCI, and Prosigna. Bold values indicate significance at α = 0.05.