The Breast Journal

Research Article

Hospital Rurality and Gene Expression Profiling for Early-Stage Breast Cancer among Iowa Residents (2010–2018)

Table 3

Patient and hospital characteristics by GEP testing for early-stage, HR+, HER2−, and LN− female breast cancer.


	GEP Testing		value
	Yes	No
	(N = 3069)	(N = 3657)
	N (Row %)	N (Row %)

Rural-urban residence
Urban	1820 (47.2)	2039 (52.8)	0.013^a
Large rural	421 (44.0)	537 (56.0)
Small rural	828 (43.4)	1081 (56.6)
Hospital location
Urban	2589 (47.2)	2899 (52.8)	<0.0001^a
Large rural	370 (43.4)	483 (56.6)
Small rural	110 (28.6)	275 (71.4)
Age at diagnosis, years
<50	582 (61.6)	362 (38.4)	<0.0001^b
50–59	933 (61.1)	593 (38.9)
60–69	1052 (50.2)	1045 (49.8)
≥70	502 (23.2)	1657 (76.8)
Marital status at diagnosis
Married/Living with partner	2156 (48.8)	2260 (51.2)	<0.0001^a
Other^c/Unknown	913 (39.5)	1397 (60.5)	<0.0001^a
Insurance status
Insured^d	2769 (45.4)	3333 (54.6)	0.055^a
Any Medicaid^e	196 (51.3)	186 (48.7)
Uninsured/Unknown	104 (43.0)	138 (57.0)
Median household income
<$50,000	708 (41.7)	989 (58.3)	0.001^b
$50,000-$59,999	879 (45.6)	1048 (54.4)
$60,000-$69,999	709 (47.1)	797 (52.9)
≥$70,000	773 (48.4)	823 (51.6)
Year of diagnosis
2010–2012	811 (42.1)	1116 (57.9)	<0.0001^b
2013–2015	977 (42.8)	1306 (57.2)
2016–2018	1281 (50.9)	1235 (49.1)
Cancer stage
I	2462 (45.2)	2980 (54.8)	0.188^a
II	607 (47.3)	677 (52.7)	0.188^a
Histology
Ductal	2364 (46.7)	2694 (53.3)	<0.0001^a
Lobular	379 (48.0)	411 (52.0)
Ductal + Lobular	148 (53.0)	131 (47.0)
Mucinous	56 (25.9)	160 (74.1)
NOS/Other	122 (31.9)	261 (68.1)
Tumor size, cm
0.6–1.9	2273 (44.4)	2851 (55.6)	<0.0001^b
2.0–4.0	725 (51.5)	683 (48.5)
>4.0	71 (36.6)	123 (63.4)
Tumor grade
Well differentiated	1032 (39.2)	1600 (60.8)	<0.0001^a
Moderately differentiated	1498 (50.6)	1461 (49.4)
Poorly differentiated/Undifferentiated	495 (49.0)	515 (51.0)
Unknown	44 (35.2)	81 (64.8)

Abbreviations: CM, centimeter; GEP, gene expression profiling; HER2−, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 negative; HR+, hormone receptor-positive; LN−, lymph node negative; NOS, not otherwise specified. Bold values indicate significance at α = 0.05. -values are based on Pearson chi-square test for categorical variables. -values are based on Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel test for trend for ordered variables. ^c Divorced, separated, single, and widowed. ^d Private insurance and Medicare. ^e Indian Health Service.