Correlates of Delayed Diagnosis among Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Pulmonary Tuberculosis Suspects in a Rural HIV Clinic, South Africa

Table 3

Comparison of sociodemographic and clinical factors of participants with TB diagnosis delay.

Characteristic	Diagnosis delay number (%)	No delay number (%)	𝑃 value
Patient age
18 to 40 years	33 (42.9)	54 (64.3)	0.006^**
>40 years	44 (57.1)	30 (35.7)
Sex
Female	49 (62.9)	58 (69.0)	0.403
Male	29 (37.1)	26 (31.0)
Marital status
Divorced	13 (16.9)	13 (15.4)	0.592
Married	25 (32.5)	21 (25.0)
Never married	27 (35.1)	38 (45.2)
Widowed	12 (15.5)	12 (14.3)
Occupation status
Salaried worker	9 (11.7)	7 (8.3)	0.538
Unemployed and willing to work	21 (27.3)	29 (34.5)
Unemployed and not willing to work	47 (61.0)	48 (57.2)
Smoke cigarette
No	57 (74.0)	66 (78.6)	0.410
Yes	20 (26.0)	18 (21.4)
Alcohol drinking
No	57 (74.0)	65 (79.3)	0.434
Yes	20 (26.0)	17 (20.7)
Education level
No education	16 (20.8)	14 (16.7)	0.320
Primary	37 (48.0)	33 (39.2)
Secondary	23 (29.9)	33 (39.3)
Tertiary	1 (1.3)	4 (4.8)
Main material walls of house
Block cement	38 (49.3)	47 (56.0)	0.377
Brick	19 (24.7)	22 (26.1)
Mud	20 (26.0)	15 (17.9)
Method of TB diagnosis
Clinical history and CXR	19 (24.7)	19 (22.9)	0.025^**
Sputum AFB	12 (15.6)	28 (33.7)
Sputum culture	46 (59.7)	36 (43.4)
WHO-HIV clinical stage
1	2 (3.6)	2 (2.9)	1.000
2	9 (16.4)	16 (23.5)
3	42 (76.4)	44 (64.8)
4	2 (3.6)	6 (8.8)
CD4 count (cells/mm^3)
<50	4 (6.9)	1 (1.8)	0.193
50–200	15 (25.9)	10 (17.9)
>200	39 (67.2)	45 (80.3)
Viral load (copies/mL)
≤400	31 (60.8)	39 (81.3)	0.025^**
>400	20 (39.2)	9 (18.7)
BMI (Kg/m^2)
Underweight	16 (25.4)	15 (22.4)	0.828
Normal weight	34 (53.9)	38 (56.7)
Overweight	12 (19.0)	11 (16.4)
Obese	1 (1.5)	3 (4.5)
ART use at PTB diagnosis
No	38 (50.0)	62 (77.5)	≤0.001^**
Yes	38 (50.0)	18 (22.5)
TB treatment outcome
Completed treatment	41 (52.5)	45 (53.6)	0.640
Died	7 (9.1)	7 (8.3)
Lost to follow up	14 (17.9)	20 (23.8)
Still on treatment	16 (20.5)	12 (14.3)

^**𝑃 value ≤ 0.05.