Translational Sports Medicine

Research Article

Breathing Pattern Disorders Distinguished from Healthy Breathing Patterns Using Optoelectronic Plethysmography

Table 2

Mean, standard deviation (SD), and 95% confidence intervals for the timing breathing variables across each condition for individuals with a healthy breathing pattern and breathing pattern disorder. Significant differences between conditions are represented by , +, #, †, and ^ as a mean significant difference from rest, low, moderate, high intensity exercise, and recovery, respectively. Significant difference between the two groups is indicated by .


Variable	Condition	Healthy breathing Pattern				Breathing Pattern Disorder				Comparison between groups
		Mean	SD	95% CI		Mean	SD	95% CI		Comparison between groups
		Mean	SD	Lower	Upper	Mean	SD	Lower	Upper	value

RR (brpm)	Rest	15.36^{+#†^}	3.51	14.36	16.36	15.62^{+#†^}	3.94	14.11	17.14	0.951
	Low	21.82^#†	4.80	20.46	23.20	22.63^#†	4.36	20.96	24.31	0.481
	Moderate	24.84^+†	5.01	23.40	26.27	26.92^+†	4.96	25.01	28.82	0.093
	High	33.15^{+#^}	6.59	31.26	35.03	36.93^{+#^}	8.37	33.71	40.15	0.127
	Recovery	23.37^†	4.69	22.03	24.71	23.29^†	5.70	21.10	25.48	0.997

	Rest	0.75^{+#†^}	0.33	0.65	0.84	0.70^{+#†^}	0.33	0.57	0.83	0.827
	Low	1.36^{#†^}	0.30	1.28	1.45	1.72^#†	0.63	1.47	1.96	0.011
	Moderate	2.09^+†	0.67	1.90	2.29	2.18^+†	0.76	1.89	2.47	0.637
	High	2.64^{+#^}	0.86	2.40	2.89	2.60^{+#^}	0.95	2.24	2.97	0.985
	Recovery	1.83^+†	0.53	1.68	1.98	1.95^†	0.71	1.68	2.23	0.722

	Rest	11.19 ^{+#†^}	4.42	9.93	12.46	10.20^{+#†^}	4.78	8.37	12.04	0.620
	Low	28.75^{#†^}	6.66	26.85	30.66	37.94^#†	14.07	32.54	43.35	0.004
	Moderate	49.96^+†	14.98	45.68	54.25	55.76^+†	17.11	49.18	62.34	0.137
	High	85.35^{+#^}	32.27	76.13	94.58	93.70^{+#^}	38.40	78.94	108.46	0.618
	Recovery	41.38^+†	14.69	37.18	45.58	46.23^†	22.55	37.56	54.60	0.589

	Rest	1.85^{+#†^}	0.47	1.72	1.99	1.86^{+#†^}	0.33	1.73	1.98	1.000
	Low	1.37^#†	0.33	1.28	1.46	1.24^#†	0.19	1.17	1.31	0.031
	Moderate	1.22^+†	0.24	1.15	1.29	1.08^+†	0.16	1.02	1.14	0.004
	High	0.94^{+#^}	0.24	0.87	1.01	1.31^{+#^}	0.37	1.20	1.41	0.010
	Recovery	0.80^†	0.15	0.75	0.86	1.24^†	0.28	1.13	1.35	0.716

	Rest	2.37^{+#†^}	0.66	2.18	2.56	2.38^{+#†^}	0.60	2.15	2.61	0.998
	Low	1.54^#†	0.39	1.43	1.65	1.35^†	0.25	1.25	1.45	0.014
	Moderate	1.32^+†	0.28	1.24	1.40	1.12^†	0.19	1.05	1.20	0.001
	High	0.99^{+#^}	0.27	0.91	1.07	0.84^{+#^}	0.17	0.77	0.90	0.011
	Recovery	1.44^†	0.42	1.32	1.56	1.33^†	0.30	1.21	1.45	0.481

	Rest	4.23^{+#†^}	1.08	3.92	4.54	4.31^{+#†^}	0.93	3.95	4.67	0.946
	Low	2.90^#†	0.70	2.70	3.10	2.57^#†	0.43	2.40	2.73	0.014
	Moderate	2.54^+†	0.53	2.39	2.69	2.20^+†	0.35	2.06	2.33	0.001
	High	1.94^{+#^}	0.52	1.79	2.09	1.65^{+#^}	0.31	1.53	1.77	0.012
	Recovery	2.75^†	0.77	2.52	2.97	2.57^†	0.58	2.35	2.79	0.591