Breathing Pattern Disorders Distinguished from Healthy Breathing Patterns Using Optoelectronic Plethysmography

Table 4

Mean, standard deviation (SD), and 95% confidence intervals for the phase angle breathing variables across each condition for individuals with a healthy breathing pattern and breathing pattern disorder. Significant differences between conditions are represented by , +, #, †, and ^ as a mean significant difference from rest, low, moderate, high intensity exercise, and recovery, respectively. Significant difference between the two groups is indicated by .

Variable	Condition	Healthy breathing pattern				Breathing pattern disorder				Comparison between groups
		Mean	SD	95% CI		Mean	SD	95% CI
				Lower	Upper			Lower	Upper	value
RcAbPhase (deg)	Rest	−0.20^+#†^	0.39	−0.31	−0.09	−0.12^+#†	0.53	−0.32	0.08	0.749
	Low	−0.84^#†	0.76	−1.06	−0.62	−1.19^†	0.92	−1.54	−0.83	0.086
	Moderate	−1.66^+†^	0.99	−1.95	−1.38	−1.88^†^	1.01	−2.27	−1.49	0.377
	High	−1.90^+#^	1.06	−2.20	−1.60	−2.70^+#^	1.71	−3.36	−2.04	0.039
	Recovery	−1.07^#†	0.90	−1.33	−0.81	−0.91^#†	1.12	−1.34	−0.48	0.771
RCpAbPhase (deg)	Rest	−0.20^+#†^	0.42	−0.32	−0.08	−0.14^+#†	0.44	−0.31	0.03	0.830
	Low	−0.65^#†	0.70	−0.84	−0.44	−0.81^†	0.76	−1.10	−0.51	0.359
	Moderate	−1.37^+†^	0.87	−1.61	−1.12	−1.27^^	0.99	−1.65	−0.89	0.667
	High	−1.79^+#^	1.28	−2.16	−1.43	−1.64^+^	1.43	−2.19	−1.20	0.899
	Recovery	−0.81^#†	0.94	−1.08	−0.54	−0.50^#†	0.95	−0.87	−0.14	0.361
RCpRCaPhase (deg)	Rest	−0.07^†	0.28	−0.15	0.01	0.02^†	0.24	−0.08	0.11	0.332
	Low	−0.11	0.59	−0.27	0.06	0.09	0.61	−0.15	0.32	0.181
	Moderate	−0.35	0.82	−0.58	−0.11	0.28	0.80	−0.03	0.58	0.002
	High	−0.45^^	1.08	−0.75	−0.14	0.46	0.82	0.14	0.77	0.001
	Recovery	−0.06^†	0.80	−0.29	0.17	0.42	0.72	0.14	0.70	0.025
RCaSPhase (deg)	Rest	0.02	0.27	−0.05	0.10	0.06^#	0.29	−0.05	0.17	0.813
	Low	0.00	0.57	−0.16	0.16	0.29	0.81	−0.02	0.60	0.082
	Moderate	−0.27	0.91	−0.53	−0.01	0.62	0.80	0.31	0.93	<0.001
	High	−0.33^^	1.26	−0.69	0.03	0.55	0.93	0.19	0.91	0.005
	Recovery	0.06^†	0.93	−0.21	0.33	0.58	0.91	0.23	0.93	0.049
RCpSPhase (deg)	Rest	0.12	0.19	0.07	0.18	0.14^+#†^	0.22	0.06	0.23	0.887
	Low	0.16	0.36	0.06	0.26	0.40	0.42	0.23	0.56	0.014
	Moderate	0.40	0.43	0.09	0.36	0.56	0.48	0.38	0.74	0.006
	High	0.17	0.67	−0.02	0.36	0.58	0.54	0.37	0.79	0.022
	Recovery	0.31	0.45	0.18	0.44	0.52	0.64	0.27	0.77	0.200
AbSPhase (deg)	Rest	−0.06^+#†^	0.43	−0.18	0.07	−0.14^#†	0.61	−0.37	0.10	0.784
	Low	−0.68^#†	0.89	−0.94	−0.43	−0.83^†	1.14	−1.27	−0.39	0.552
	Moderate	−1.61^+†^	1.25	−1.96	−1.25	−1.42	1.05	−1.82	−1.01	0.511
	High	−2.26^+#^	1.70	−2.74	−1.77	−2.18^+^	1.79	−2.87	−1.49	0.983
	Recovery	−0.97^#†	1.20	−1.31	−0.63	−0.72^†	1.32	−1.23	−0.21	0.671
Inhale % deviation	Rest	−0.11^+#†^	11.07	−3.03	2.81	1.33^+#†^	14.82	−4.37	7.03	0.017
	Low	4.64^#^	10.27	1.718	7.55	10.39	11.17	6.51	14.39	0.002
	Moderate	9.60+	10.36	6.68	12.52	13.66	11.49	8.25	18.50	0.004
	High	8.80	8.40	5.95	11.79	19.72	8.60	15.94	22.25	0.000
	Recovery	13.06^	8.64	10.14	15.97	12.06	12.50	7.26	16.87	0.093
Exhale % deviation	Rest	−5.48^+#†	9.50	−8.40	−2.55	−3.34 †	14.30	−8.94	2.05	0.999
	Low	−10.64^^	10.09	−13.57	−7.72	−8.38	11.34	−4.77	−5.03	0.839
	Moderate	−13.47^^	10.66	−16.39	−10.54	−10.18^^	11.34	−5.99	−6.52	0.665
	High	−10.90^^	7.41	−13.77	−7.92	−17.60^^	7.50	−20.42	−14.21	0.011
	Recovery	−4.66^+#†	11.54	−7.58	−1.73	−2.00^#†	16.20	−8.20	4.25	0.937