|
| Author | Case | Age (gender) | Context | Presenting symptoms | Echo summary: key findings | Other markers? |
|
| De Gennaro et al. [13] | 1 | 77 (F) | Sea swimming rescued by a life-guard following drifting out to sea | Acute dyspnoea and Chest pain | LVEF: 25%
Apical dyskinesis and basal hyperkinesis resembling apical ballooning | Angio: normal coronary arteries |
|
| Reed [14] | 3 | 62 (F) | Scuba diver | Acute dyspnoea & cough & frothy pink sputum | LVEF: 45% (later improved to 55%)
Apical ballooning with basal hyperkinesis | Angio: normal coronaries
Troponin I: peaked at 0.84 ug/L
ECG: deep pathological Q waves (V1-3), T wave inversion (I, avL, V6) |
| 60 (M) | Scuba diver | Acute dyspnea and foamy brown sputum | LVEF: 25%
Global hypokinesis with apical ballooning | Angio: normal coronaries
Troponin I: 0.53 ug/L (peak)
CXR: pulmonary oedema suggestive of congestive heart failure |
| 47 (F) | Scuba diver | Tachypnea | LVEF: 45%
Diminished left ventricular compliance
Anterior and inferior severe hypokinesis | Angio: normal coronaries
O2 sat: 88% on room air
Troponin I: 3.49 ug/L
CXR: bilateral moderate infiltrates |
|
| Chenaitia et al. [15] | 1 | 51 (F) | Scuba diver | Acute dyspnea
Chest tightness | LVEF: 35%
Left ventricular hypokinesia, apical ballooning and basal hyperkinesia | Angio: normal coronaries
CXR: bilateral infiltrates of lower lungs
Bilateral pulmonary creps up to the midfield
O2 sat: 100% on 15 L
ECG: left axis deviation |
|
| Citro et al. [16] | 1 | 53 (F) | Open water swimming | Acute dyspnea
Tachypnea | Apical ballooning
Left ventricular hyperkinesis | Angio: normal coronaries
Troponin I: increased |
|
| Baber et al. [17] | 1 | 47 (F) | Scuba diver | Acute dyspnea
Tachypnea | Left ventricular basal hypokinesis and apical hyperkinesis | Angio: mild, nonobstructive coronary artery disease
CXR: pulmonary oedema
Troponin 1: 1.10 ug/L (peak)
ECG: sinus tachycardia with mild ST depressions in the inferior and anterolateral leads |
|
| Beinart et al. [18] | 1 | 54 (F) | Cold water swimming | Acute dyspnea | Global severe left and right ventricular dysfunction | Angio: normal coronaries
Troponin I: 11 ug/L
O2 sat: 64% on air in field
ECG: minimal ST depression in leads I and aVL |
|
| Dessardo et al. [19] | 1 | 12 (F) | Sea water swimming | Acute dyspnea
Chest pain
Cyanosis | Angio: normal coronaries
LVEF: 30–32%
Left ventricular hypokinesia | Troponin I: 1.53 ug/L
ECG: acute ischaemic lesions in the anterioseptal leads |
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