Some Insights into Analytical Bias Involved in the Application of Grab Sampling for Volatile Organic Compounds: A Case Study against Used Tedlar Bags

Table 5

Correlation analysis of 25 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) found in Tedlar bags.

(a) Polar compounds only

		AA	ATM	AAD	AT	AN	BT	DC	EAC	EA	IA	MB	MEK	PT	PH	THF
AA	𝑟	1
	𝑃
ATM	𝑟	0.38	1
	𝑃	0.06
AAD	𝑟	−0.13	0.09	1
	𝑃	0.54	0.64
AT	𝑟	−0.02	0.16	−0.08	1
	𝑃	0.93	0.43	0.69
AN	𝑟	−0.15	−0.21	−0.08	0.17	1
	𝑃	0.45	0.30	0.71	0.40
BT	𝑟	0.32	−0.33	−0.21	−0.49	−0.04	1
	𝑃	0.11	0.11	0.30	0.01	0.84
DC	𝑟	−0.24	0.02	0.04	0.47	0.31	−0.26	1
	𝑃	0.23	0.94	0.86	0.02	0.12	0.20
EAC	𝑟	0.23	0.61**	−0.22	−1.31𝐸−03	0.04	−0.12	0.09	1
	𝑃	0.25	8.79𝐸−04	0.27	0.99	0.86	0.55	0.67
EA	𝑟	0.66**	0.38	−0.13	−0.18	−0.18	−0.07	−0.33	0.30	1
	𝑃	2.61𝐸−04	0.05	0.52	0.39	0.37	0.72	0.10	0.14
IA	𝑟	0.03	0.74**	−0.12	−0.03	−0.05	−0.13	−0.01	0.60**	−0.04	1
	𝑃	0.89	1.69𝐸−05	0.55	0.90	0.81	0.54	0.95	1.29𝐸−03	0.85
MB	𝑟	0.08	−0.13	−0.08	−0.02	−4.26𝐸−03	0.30	−0.25	−0.12	−0.07	−0.11	1
	𝑃	0.69	0.53	0.68	0.92	0.98	0.14	0.22	0.56	0.73	0.58
MEK	𝑟	0.19	0.46	−0.21	0.03	0.09	−0.11	0.16	0.97**	0.25	0.42*	−0.11	1
	𝑃	0.36	0.02	0.31	0.87	0.67	0.59	0.44	1.09𝐸−03	0.23	0.03	0.61
PT	𝑟	0.36	−0.32	−0.20	−0.48	−0.03	0.99**	−0.27	−0.12	−0.07	−0.12	0.31	−0.11	1
	𝑃	0.08	0.11	0.32	0.01	0.87	8.24𝐸−24	0.19	0.55	0.72	0.54	0.12	0.60
PH	𝑟	0.59**	0.78**	0.10	0.18	−0.22	−0.29	−0.09	0.46	0.68**	0.32	−0.20	0.37	−0.28	1
	𝑃	1.46𝐸−03	2.75𝐸−06	0.62	0.37	0.27	0.16	0.66	0.02	1.27𝐸−04	0.12	0.32	0.06	0.17
THF	𝑟	−0.24	−0.09	−0.03	0.40*	0.53**	−0.29	0.73**	−0.18	−0.13	−0.15	−0.26	−0.14	−0.30	−0.10	1
	𝑃	0.24	0.64	0.87	0.04	0.01	0.14	2.09𝐸−09	0.37	0.52	0.46	0.19	0.50	0.14	0.62

(b) Nonpolar compounds only

		B	COS	DO	EB	IB	MA	DD	OT	pX	T
B	𝑟	1
	𝑃
COS	𝑟	0.03	1
	𝑃	0.90
DO	𝑟	−0.24	0.14	1
	𝑃	0.24	0.50
EB	𝑟	0.03	0.28	−0.21	1
	𝑃	0.89	0.16	0.31
IB	𝑟	0.08	−0.10	0.09	0.05	1
	𝑃	0.69	0.64	0.67	0.81
MA	𝑟	0.39*	−0.19	−0.02	−0.04	0.12	1
	𝑃	0.05	0.34	0.94	0.84	0.58
DD	𝑟	−0.10	−0.30	0.19	−0.13	0.54**	−0.10	1
	𝑃	0.64	0.14	0.35	0.53	4.18𝐸−03	0.61
OT	𝑟	0.02	0.46*	−0.07	0.72**	0.06	−0.11	−0.09	1
	𝑃	0.94	0.02	0.73	2.83𝐸−05	0.76	0.60	0.67
pX	𝑟	0.07	0.28	−0.17	0.78**	0.01	−0.04	−0.08	0.96**	1
	𝑃	0.72	0.16	0.40	3.01𝐸−06	0.96	0.85	0.70	2.32𝐸−15
T	𝑟	−0.13	0.27	0.03	−0.02	−0.16	−0.14	0.05	0.13	0.04	1
	𝑃	0.53	0.18	0.87	0.92	0.44	0.49	0.81	0.54	0.86

(c) Polar versus nonpolar compounds

		AA	ATM	ADD	AT	AN	BT	DC	EAC	EA	IA	MB	MEK	PT	PH	THF
B	𝑟	−0.01	−0.16	0.07	0.19	0.05	0.03	−0.17	−0.15	−0.09	−0.14	−0.09	−0.14	0.03	−0.05	−0.21
	𝑃	0.97	0.44	0.73	0.36	0.82	0.90	0.40	0.45	0.65	0.50	0.67	0.50	0.90	0.82	0.31
COS	𝑟	−0.08	−0.02	0.14	−0.17	0.10	−0.05	−0.13	0.54	0.07	−0.05	−0.02	0.64	−0.06	−0.04	−0.36
	𝑃	0.68	0.92	0.51	0.39	0.63	0.83	0.53	0.00	0.72	0.80	0.93	0.00	0.77	0.84*	0.07
DO	𝑟	0.02	0.00	−0.08	0.39*	−0.09	−0.13	0.62	0.21	−0.15	−0.09	−0.19	0.29	−0.12	−0.02	0.21
	𝑃	0.92	0.99	0.69	0.05	0.66	0.51	0.00	0.31	0.45	0.67	0.36	0.15	0.54	0.94	0.31
EB	𝑟	−0.12	−0.06	0.25	−0.16	0.01	−0.12	−0.15	−0.11	−0.07	−0.02	−0.12	−0.10	−0.12	−0.21	−0.17
	𝑃	0.55	0.76	0.22	0.43	0.94	0.56	0.46	0.61	0.73	0.92	0.57	0.61	0.57	0.30	0.41
IB	𝑟	−0.29	−0.10	−0.05	0.39	0.21	−0.14	0.35	−0.13	−0.17	−0.14	−0.20	−0.08	−0.15	−0.16	0.55
	𝑃	0.15	0.62	0.80	0.05	0.31	0.51	0.08	0.53	0.41	0.50	0.32	0.68	0.46	0.44	3.39𝐸−03
MA	𝑟	0.23	0.08	−0.07	0.69	0.07	−0.15	0.06	−0.15	−0.09	−0.12	−0.15	−0.14	−0.16	0.29	0.02
	𝑃	0.25	0.71	0.75	9.56𝐸−05	0.73	0.46	0.78	0.46	0.67	0.56	0.47	0.51	0.45	0.16	0.90
DD	𝑟	0.13	0.38	−0.07	0.26	−0.11	−0.22	0.17	0.03	0.32	0.10	−0.14	−0.02	−0.21	0.39	0.39
	𝑃	0.52	0.06	0.72	0.20	0.58	0.29	0.41	0.87	0.11	0.61	0.50	0.91	0.31	0.05	0.05
OT	𝑟	−0.16	−0.09	0.12	−0.13	0.10	−0.08	−0.07	0.09	−0.07	0.02	−0.05	0.12	−0.08	−0.12	−0.13
	𝑃	0.45	0.66	0.56	0.52	0.64	0.69	0.75	0.65	0.72	0.93	0.82	0.57	0.71	0.55	0.53
p-X	𝑟	−0.12	−0.09	0.16	−0.16	−0.01	−0.06	−0.14	−0.07	−0.05	0.00	−0.07	−0.08	−0.06	−0.10	−0.17
	𝑃	0.55	0.65	0.45	0.43	0.97	0.77	0.50	0.73	0.80	0.98	0.72	0.71	0.78	0.64	0.41
T	𝑟	0.11	0.74**	−0.19	−0.03	−0.02	−0.12	8.69𝐸−04	0.86**	0.08	0.92	−0.11	0.73**	−0.11	0.39*	−0.24
	𝑃	0.58	1.79𝐸−05	0.36	0.87	0.92	0.57	1.00	2.23𝐸−08	0.68	4.44𝐸−11	0.58	2.04𝐸−05	0.58	0.05	0.24

* and ** denote probability of no correlation less than 0.05 and 0.01, respectively.