Cytotoxic, Virucidal, and Antiviral Activity of South American Plant and Algae Extracts

Table 1

Antiviral and virucidal activity of each plant and algae species.

Species	MNCC^a (μg/mL)	Antiviral activity	EC50^b (μg/mL)	Virucidal activity (%)
Plants
Achyrocline satureioides	2500	+	380	<90
Apium leptophyllum	5000	−	ND	ND
Bauhinia candicans	1250	+	1060	85
Chenopodium ambrosioides	2500	+	920	90
Conyza bonariensis	630	−	ND	ND
Eryngium pandanifolium	1250	−	ND	ND
Heimia salicifolia	1250	−	ND	ND
Ibicella lutea	1250	−	ND	ND
Jaborosa runcinnata	1250	−	ND	ND
Lentinus edulis	5000	−	ND	ND
Limonium brasiliense	500	+	185	99
Margyricarpus pinnatus	1250	+	320	95
Phyllanthus niruri	120	+	60	39
Polygonum punctatum	1250	+	1230	<90
Psidium incanum	250	+	118	20
Psidium luridum	310	+	1500	88
Schinus molle	630	+	50	<90
Salvia guaranitica	250	−	ND	ND
Sesbania punicea	1250	+	1100	<90
Smilax gracilis	2500	+	470	90
Sommerfeltia spinulosa	1250	−	ND	ND
Tillandsia aeranthos	2500	+	530	93
Tillandsia usneoides	1250	+	470	91
Xanthium spinosum	1250	−	ND	ND
Algae
Corallina officinalis	630	−	ND	ND
Chondria atropurpurea	1250	−	ND	ND
Grateloupia filicina	2500	−	ND	ND
Hypnea musciformis	630	−	ND	ND
Acyclovir	120	+	45	99

^aMaximum noncytotoxic concentration.
^bEffective concentration 50%.
N/D: not determined.
+ Positive antiviral activity in the screening assay.