Pharmaceutical Point of View on Parenteral Nutrition

Table 4

Percent of amino acid forming Maillard reaction products [32].

Amino acid	Time [day]	Storage temperature
		4°C	4°C; + electrolytes	25°C	25°C; + electrolytes	60°C	60°C; + electrolytes
		[%]
Valine	1	0.00	0.00	0.03	0.06	1.68	1.65
	7	0.00	0.00	0.29	0.98	—	—
	30	0.00	0.00	0.40	1.27	—	—
Isoleucine	1	0.00	0.00	0.03	0.06	10.8	13
	7	0.00	0.00	0.68	0.86	—	—
	30	0.00	0.00	2.30	4.79	—	—
Leucine	1	0.08	0.12	0.06	0.30	10.1	12.1
	7	0.32	0.41	0.18	0.19	—	—
	30	0.70	1.07	1.00	1.73	—	—
Proline	1	0.00	0.00	0.01	0.01	0.31	0.48
	7	0.00	0.00	0.15	0.19	—	—
	30	0.00	0.01	0.40	0.53	—	—
Phenylalanine	1	0.00	0.00	0.02	0.06	7.46	7.86
	7	0.00	0.00	0.57	0.84	—	—
	30	0.00	0.01	0.64	2.56	—	—
Lysine	1	0.00	0.00	0.33	0.92	10.9	11.2
	7	0.00	0.30	1.76	3.61	—	—
	30	0.00	0.50	2.60	10.5	—	—
Arginine	1	0.09	0.10	1.00	1.48	9.61	15.2
	7	0.61	1.06	1.80	2.89	—	—
	30	0.96	5.61	3.96	9.61	—	—
Alanine	1	0.11	0.79	0.43	0.74	4.61	4.54
	7	0.16	1.01	0.75	1.03	—	—
	30	0.81	0.91	1.45	1.41	—	—
Glycine	1	0.50	1.61	0.82	1.38	4.75	7.97
	7	0.52	1.54	2.12	3.33	—	—
	30	1.74	2.55	3.59	6.71	—	—
Methionine	1	0.19	0.42	1.81	4.60	10.9	13.5
	7	1.10	2.00	3.90	8.90	—	—
	30	2.81	3.82	8.41	14.7	—	—
Histidine	1	0.10	0.43	0.16	1.50	16.4	31.1
	7	0.22	0.44	0.42	3.38	—	—
	30	0.30	0.82	1.50	13.0	—	—
Serine	1	0.90	1.10	1.51	2.60	8.51	13.9
	7	1.25	1.50	4.52	4.87	—	—
	30	3.20	5.40	9.61	12.2	—	—
Threonine	1	0.53	1.43	1.11	2.11	9.67	15.5
	7	0.97	1.56	4.01	4.88	—	—
	30	2.52	6.04	8.82	9.87	—	—
Tryptophan	1	2.29	4.33	4.02	5.44	6.60	12.1
	7	3.42	5.21	11.1	11.1	—	—
	30	8.14	13.6	15.8	21.1	—	—