Determination of Interesting Toxicological Elements in PM_2.5 by Neutron and Photon Activation Analysis

Table 1

Nuclear data and LOD of elements by INAA and IPAA (m: minutes; h: hours; d: days; y: years). LODs calculated according to [30].

Element	Product nuclide	Half life	𝛾-Ray used (keV)	LOD (ng m^−3)
INAA
Ag	^110mAg	253.0 d	657.8	0.06
Al	^28Al	2.3 m	1778.9	200
As	^76As	26.3 h	559.2	1
Au	^198Au	2.70 d	411.8	1
Ba	^131Ba	11.5 d	496.3	5
Br	^82Br	1.47 d	776.5	0.5
Ca	^49Ca	8.8 m	3083.0	200
Cd	^115mIn	53.0 h	336.6	0.3
Ce	^141Ce	32.38 d	145.4	0.05
Cl	^38Cl	37.3 m	1642.0	100
Co	^60Co	5.272 y	1332.5	0.01
Cr	^51Cr	27.7 d	320.0	0.2
Cs	^134Cs	2.062 y	795.7	0.02
Eu	^152Eu	12.7 y	1408.0	0.01
Fe	^59Fe	45.1 d	1099.2	50
Hf	^181Hf	42.4 d	482.2	0.01
Hg	^203Hg	46.9 d	279.0	0.02
I	^128I	25.0 m	442.7	0.1
K	^42K	12.52 h	1524.7	50
La	^140La	40.27 h	1596.2	0.1
Mg	^27Mg	9.5 m	1014.1	50
Mn	^56Mn	2.58 h	1810.7	0.1
Mo	^99Mo	2.75 d	141.0	1
Na	^24Na	15.0 h	1368.4	100
Nd	^147Nd	11.1 d	531.0	1
Ni	^58Co	70.78 d	810.7	1
Rb	^86Rb	18.66 d	1076.7	1
Sb	^122Sb	2.70 d	564.0	0.2
Sc	^46Sc	83.85 d	889.2	0.003
Se	^75Se	120.4 d	264.6	0.1
Sm	^153Sm	1.948 d	103.1	0.04
Ta	^182Ta	115 d	1221.6	0.005
Tb	^160Tb	72.1 d	879.4	0.01
Th	^233Pa	27.4 d	311.8	0.1
Ti	^51Ti	5.8 m	320.0	200
U	^239Np	2.35 d	228.2	0.03
V	^52V	3.76 m	1434.4	1
W	^187W	24.0 h	685.7	0.01
Yb	^175Yb	4.21 d	396.1	0.01
Zn	^65Zn	243.8 d	1115.5	0.5
IPAA
As	^75As	17.9 d	596.0	0.2
Pb	^204Pb	52.1 h	279.0	5
Tl	^203Tl	12.0 d	440.0	0.5
Zr	^90Zr	79.4 h	909.0	0.2